Bone tissue engineering.
نویسندگان
چکیده
of scaffolds with osteogenic genes, proteins, or cells. Professor Robert Guldberg gave a brief introduction on current clinical approaches to bone repair and their limitations. The current clinical gold standard for augmenting bone repair is the transplantation of fresh autologous bone. Although effective for relatively small, non load-bearing defects, autografting is limited by the small volume of available material, lack of structural integrity, and significant donor site morbidity. Allografts are available in large structural pieces and have grown in use clinically over the past twenty years but typically do not fully revascularize and remodel and are associated with a high rate of failure. Recent animal studies have shown that revitalization of allografts via coating with osteogenic cells or osteoinductive genes stimulates improved revascularization, remodeling, and bone repair. Tissue engineering approaches involving various combinations of biomaterials and biologics such as proteins, cells, and genes thus represent a very promising alternative to bone grafts for restoring the function of damaged or degenerated bone. Numerous types of synthetic scaffolds have been fabricated and investigated in the search for effective bone graft substitutes. There are many scaffold design variables that can strongly influence the biologic response including the single or multi-phase composition of the scaffold, surface chemistry, architectural parameters such as pore size and interconnectivity, the rate of degradation and the degradation products, and the local mechanical properties of the matrix such as modulus and viscoelasticity. Structural biomaterial scaffolds that provide adequate mechanical properties must often be surface modified or combined with bioactive components to achieve the desired mix of properties. Dramatic advances in biomaterials synthesis, biological performance evaluation, and engineering analysis have combined to create unprecedented choices for the selection of scaffold materials. Professor Guldberg introduced different strategies for biologic augmentation of biomaterial scaffolds. He emphasized the need for quantitative in vivo models and methods to discriminate among the many possible choices J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7(4):328-330
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions
دوره 7 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2007